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Consequences of the Plague included a series of religious, social and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history. The Black Death was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1347 and 1350 with 30–95 percent of the entire population killed.〔 Some of the impacts of the black death were that the black death destroyed families. once a family member was contagious, some left them stranded and fled the area. 〕 It reduced world population from an estimated 450 million to between 350 and 375 million in the 14th century. It took 150 and in some areas more than 250 years for Europe's population to recover. From the perspective of the survivors, however, the impact was much more benign, for their labor was in higher demand. Hilton has argued that those English peasants who survived found their situation to be much improved. For English peasants the fifteenth century was a golden age of prosperity and new opportunities. Land was plentiful, wages high, and serfdom had all but disappeared. A century later, as population growth resumed, the peasants again faced deprivation and famine.〔Barbara A. Hanawalt, "Centuries of Transition: England in the Later Middle Ages," in Richard Schlatter, ed., ''Recent Views on British History: Essays on Historical Writing since 1966'' (Rutgers UP, 1984), pp 43–44, 58〕〔R. H. Hilton, ''The English Peasantry in the Late Middle Ages (Oxford: Clarendon, 1974)〕 ==Death toll== Figures for the death toll vary widely by area and from source to source as new research and discoveries come to light. It killed an estimated 75–430 million people in the 14th century. According to medieval historian Philip Daileader in 2007: The trend of recent research is pointing to a figure more like 45% to 50% of the European population dying during a four-year period. There is a fair amount of geographic variation. In Mediterranean Europe and Italy, the South of France and Spain, where plague ran for about four years consecutively, it was probably closer to 75% to 80% of the population. In Germany and England it was probably closer to 20%.〔Philip Daileader, ''The Late Middle Ages'', audio/video course produced by The Teaching Company, 2007. ISBN 978-1-59803-345-8.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Consequences of the Black Death」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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